UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — Bats may hold important clues to the biological secrets of longevity. A new study led by researchers from Penn State and the University of Vermont found that bats have evolved unique immune defenses that help them coexist with viruses while protecting against cellular damage, cancer and age-related diseases.

Published in Nature on August 26, the study analyzed the genomes of eight Myotis bat species and examined bat cells in the laboratory. The researchers found that bats have specialized mechanisms for responding to DNA and RNA viruses. These adaptations allow bats to control infections while limiting excessive immune-related damage.

The Myotis genus includes more than 139 species, with lifespans ranging from about seven to 42 years. Researchers developed detailed genome assemblies for eight North American species and used wing-tissue cells to investigate how their genetic systems respond to DNA damage.

The findings showed that bats have evolved strong adaptations in genes involved in antiviral defense. They also maintain additional copies of certain immune-related genes, which may help them respond to rapidly changing RNA viruses. This flexible immune strategy could help explain how bats tolerate viruses without developing severe disease.

The study also revealed that bat cells can respond to DNA damage by eliminating affected cells rather than allowing them to accumulate harmful mutations. This process may help reduce cancer risk and protect bats from diseases associated with aging.

Researchers believe that immunity, cancer resistance and longevity may have evolved together through interconnected genetic pathways. Further research into bats and other long-lived animals could provide valuable insights into healthy aging and potentially guide new approaches to preventing age-related diseases in humans.

Source: https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/secret-bats-longevity-linked-immune-response-viruses-and-cancer