A new special issue of the Journal of Applied Gerontology, titled Complex Emergencies and the Effect on Older Populations, explores how multiple factors can shape older adults’ vulnerability before, during and after disasters. The issue includes 12 studies from the U.S., Puerto Rico and China, covering hazards such as hurricanes, extreme heat and air pollution across different long-term care settings.

The research shows that disasters can have lasting effects on older adults’ physical and psychological well-being. Health conditions, previous life adversity, extreme weather, environmental exposure and repeated disaster-related losses can increase vulnerability, while disruptions to healthcare services may continue long after an event. Many older adults may also struggle to maintain medications, medical equipment and contact with healthcare providers during emergencies.

The studies also identify protective factors, including resilience, self-efficacy, strong caregiving relationships and access to reliable information. Researchers emphasize that older adults need timely, personalized guidance and stronger support from healthcare providers, emergency services, home-care organizations and long-term care facilities.

Beyond physical health, disasters can disrupt daily routines, social connections and caregiving networks, potentially leading to lasting psychological effects. The findings highlight the importance of including mental health, caregiver support and trauma-informed care in emergency preparedness and recovery planning.

The special issue calls for integrating disaster preparedness into routine healthcare, strengthening staffing and emergency capacity in assisted living and nursing homes, adapting regulations to different facility risks, and expanding community-based preparedness programs, particularly in rural areas. Together, the studies provide evidence to help communities better protect older adults as complex emergencies become increasingly frequent.

Source: https://www.usf.edu/cbcs/news/2026/disaster-risk-starts-long-before-disaster-strikes.aspx